Section 68 BSA to Section 73 BSA | Section 69 BSA | Section 70 BSA | Section 71 BSA | Section 72 BSA

Section 68 BSA | Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Proof where no attesting witness found.

If no such attesting witness can be found, it must be proved that the attestation of one attesting witness at least is in his handwriting, and that the signature of the person executing the document is in the handwriting of that person.

Section 69 BSA | Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Admission of execution by party to attested document.

The admission of a party to an attested document of its execution by himself shall be sufficient proof of its execution as against him, though it be a document required by law to be attested.

Section 70 BSA | Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Proof when attesting witness denies execution.

If the attesting witness denies or does not recollect the execution of the document, its execution may be proved by other evidence.

Section 71 BSA | Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Proof of document not required by law to be attested.

An attested document not required by law to be attested may be proved as if it was unattested.

Section 72 BSA | Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved.

(1) In order to ascertain whether a signature, writing or seal is that of the person by whom it purports to have been written or made, any signature, writing, or seal admitted or proved to the satisfaction of the Court to have been written or made by that person may be compared with the one which is to be proved, although that signature, writing or seal has not been produced or proved for any other purpose.

(2) The Court may direct any person present in Court to write any words or figures for the purpose of enabling the Court to compare the words or figures so written with any words or figures alleged to have been written by such person.

(3) This section applies also, with any necessary modifications, to finger impressions.

Section 73 BSA | Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Proof as to verification of digital signature.

In order to ascertain whether a digital signature is that of the person by whom it purports to have been affixed, the Court may direct—

(a) that person or the Controller or the Certifying Authority to produce the Digital Signature Certificate;

(b) any other person to apply the public key listed in the Digital Signature Certificate and verify the digital signature purported to have been affixed by that person.