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Preventive Detention measures under BNSS (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) and Indian Constitution

Introduction:


Preventive detention laws, a reminder of the colonial era, have time and again come under scrutiny. This article will focus on the legal provisions, arguments in favor, issues, and the judiciary's stance surrounding preventive detention under BNSS.


Preventive detention involves detaining an individual to prevent potential criminal activities.


Legal Provisions:


- Section 170 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) empowers a police officer to arrest without a magistrate's order if the offense cannot be prevented otherwise.


- Article 22 of the Indian Constitution provides constitutional safeguards, outlining the grounds for preventive detention.


Grounds for Detention:


Preventive detention is sanctioned on grounds related to:


- National security,

- Maintenance of Public order,

- Foreign affairs, and

- Community services.


Arguments in Favor:


- National Security Protection: Essential for safeguarding national security and preventing threats to public safety.


- Proactive Crime Prevention: Acts as a proactive measure to prevent crimes before occurrence, particularly against repeat offenders.


Issues with Preventive Detention Law:


- Selective Targeting: Concerns arise about selective targeting of specific groups or communities through the misuse of preventive detention laws, leading to potential discrimination.


- Duration of Detention: Lack of strict limits on the duration of preventive detention may result in prolonged periods of confinement without proper legal recourse.


- Inadequate Rehabilitation Programs: The focus on detention may overshadow the need for rehabilitation programs, which are essential for addressing the root causes of criminal behavior.


Way Forward:


- Enhanced Judicial Scrutiny: Strengthen the role of the judiciary in scrutinizing preventive detention cases to ensure fair assessments and prevent arbitrary decisions.


- Public Awareness Campaigns: Increase public awareness about preventive detention laws, their implications, and citizens' rights, fostering a more informed and vigilant society.


- International Human Rights Standards: Align preventive detention laws with international human rights standards to ensure compliance and uphold a globally recognized framework.


- Regular Review and Amendments: Establish mechanisms for regular reviews and amendments of preventive detention laws to adapt to evolving societal needs and legal standards.


- Community Policing and Conflict Resolution: Invest in community policing strategies and conflict resolution programs as alternatives to preventive detention, focusing on addressing root causes rather than punitive measures.


FAQs on Preventive Detention in light of BNSS


1. What is preventive detention?


- Preventive detention involves detaining individuals to prevent potential criminal activities based on the suspicion of imminent wrongdoing prejudicial to the state.


2. What legal provisions empower preventive detention in India?


- Section 170 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) and Article 22 of the Constitution provide legal provisions for preventive detention.


3. On what grounds can a person be detained preventively?


- Preventive detention can be sanctioned on grounds related to national security, maintenance of public order, foreign affairs, and community services.


4. What are the arguments in favor of preventive detention?


- Arguments include protection of national security, proactive crime prevention, and the judiciary's approval with guidelines to prevent arbitrary detentions.


5. What are the main issues with preventive detention laws?


- Issues include selective targeting, excessive duration of detention, lack of rehabilitation programs, colonial legacy, and potential conflicts with fundamental rights.


6. How can the legal framework be improved?


- The legal framework can be improved through enhanced judicial scrutiny, public awareness campaigns, alignment with international human rights standards, regular reviews and amendments, and investing in community policing and conflict resolution.


Preventive Detention measures under BNSS (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) and Indian Constitution



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